Common Themes of Edgar Allan Poe - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 1 Words: 434 Downloads: 3 Date added: 2019/06/26 Category Literature Essay Level High school Tags: Edgar Allan Poe Essay Did you like this example? Allen Poe is a famous poet who is known for his many short stories. Some of his most famous ones are The Tell Tale Heart and The Raven. Edgar’s poems often share a similar or even the same theme. In these two short stories a common theme is loneliness can drive one insane. In The Tell Tale Heart Edgar shows many examples of supporting this theme. In this story the unnamed narrator was very lonely, lived by himself and took care of an old man. He loved the old man, but he hated his  ¨Vulture eye†. â€Å"Whenever it fell upon me, my blood ran cold; and so by degrees- very gradually- I made up my mind to take the life of the old man, and thus rid myself from the eye forever.† He hated it so much he had logically planned to murder him just for the way his eye looked. â€Å"Object there was none. Passion there was none. I love the old man he had never wronged me. He had never given me insult. For his gold I have no desire.† It was a successful murder until he started going insane from his guilty conscience making himself hear things that weren’t actually there and eventually turned himself into the police. â€Å"I heard all things in the heaven and in the earth. I heard many things in hell.† Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Common Themes of Edgar Allan Poe" essay for you Create order In the short story, The Raven, the unnamed narrator is very alone by the recent death of his loved one Lenore. He imagines a raven bird knocking at his door and window then entering his room repeatedly saying â€Å"Nevermore†. He tries to have a conversation with the raven asking, â€Å"Is there anything that will comfort my soul?† â€Å"Will I reunite with Lenore in heaven?† The raven still continues to say nothing but â€Å"Nevermore†, the narrator then freaks out at the bird and tells him to leave him alone. Suddenly the narrator is convinced that the angels from heaven, Lenore, made the room’s air dense and perfumed. The narrator then tells the audience the raven stopped speaking to him and sits in his room and he believes that he will live in the shadow of the raven forever. Loneliness can drive one insane, this theme fits these two short stories, The Tell Tale Heart and The Raven, perfectly in many ways. The narrator in both stories is very lonely and he ends up being mentally insane in both. One killing an old man just because of one of his eye and the other having a conversation with a bird about his passed loved one.

Onomatopoeia Essay example - 696 Words

Onomatopoeia Because of its special status symbolizing sound, onomatopoeia has the distinction of being the only aspect of English where there is an intrinsic connection between the language and the ‘real world’. It is well known that the connection between words and their referents is arbitrary; house is no more appropriate than mansion (French) or casa (Spanish). Onomatopoeic words, however, may have a physical connection with their referents; the sound of wind is created by air moving through a restricted passage and this description is equally valid for the fricative consonants which may be used to represent the wind in a poetic context: I lay in an agony of imagination as the wind†¦show more content†¦The onomatopoeic words, then, form one strand in a complex interweaving of lexical, grammatical and phonological effects. More unusual uses of conventional onomatopoeia include those where the suggestion of sounds is unexpected: The woman in the block of ivory soap has massive thighs that neigh, great breasts that blare and strong arms that trumpet. This extract from The Woman in the Ordinary by Marge Piercy uses onomatopoeic words to suggest a figurative connection between parts of the woman’s body and certain sounds. The overall effect of there lines is one of enormous strength; her thighs are like great horses, her breasts, perhaps, have the power of high amplitude loudspeakers. Often the choice of a single onomatopoeic word has an extraordinary power to evoke the sound it conveys. This is true of one of the many effective words in Dulce et Decorum Est by Wilfred Owen: If you could hear, at every jolt, the blood Come gargling from the forth-corrupted lungs, †¦ The production of a velar plosive, /g/, sound involves a constriction of the throat similar to the action of gargling and its repetition in the word (possibly three times for some accents of English) reflects the repetitive nature of theShow MoreRelatedVowel and Introduction Onomatopoeia1583 Words   |  7 PagesOnomatopoeia Abstract è ± ¡Ã¥ £ °Ã¨ ¯ Ã¥Å" ¨Ã¨ ¯ ­Ã¨ ¨â‚¬Ã©â€¡Å'Ã¥ ±Å¾Ã¤ ºÅ½Ã¦ ¯â€Ã¨ ¾Æ'ä ¸ Ã¥ â€"é‡ Ã¨ §â€ Ã§Å¡â€žÃ¤ ¸â‚¬Ã§ ± »Ã¨ ¯ ­Ã¨ ¨â‚¬Ã¯ ¼Å'å›  Ã¥â€¦ ¶Ã¥  £Ã¨ ¯ ­Ã§Å¡â€žÃ¦â€ž Ã¥â€˜ ³Ã¦ ¯â€Ã¨ ¾Æ'æ µâ€œÃ©â€¡ Ã¯ ¼Å'å›  Ã¨â‚¬Å'ç  â€Ã§ © ¶Ã§Å¡â€žÃ¤ º ºÃ¥ ¾Ë†Ã¥ °â€˜Ã£â‚¬â€šÃ¦Å" ¬Ã¦â€"‡å  ªÃ¦Ëœ ¯Ã¥ ¯ ¹Ã¨ ± ¡Ã¥ £ °Ã¨ ¯ Ã§Å¡â€žÃ¤ ¸â‚¬Ã¤ ¸ ªÃ¥ ° Ã¨ ® ®Ã¯ ¼Å'ä »Å½Ã¦ ¦â€šÃ¥ ¿ µÃ¯ ¼Å'ä »Å½Ã¤ ½Å"ç” ¨Ã¯ ¼Å'通è ¿â€¡Ã¤ ¸ ¾Ã¤ ¾â€¹Ã¥ ­ Ã¦  ¥Ã¨ § £Ã¨ ¯ »Ã¨ ± ¡Ã¥ £ °Ã¨ ¯ Ã£â‚¬â€šÃ©â‚¬Å¡Ã¨ ¿â€¡Ã§Å'Å"æÆ' ³Ã¥â€™Å'è ® ºÃ¨ ¯ Ã¯ ¼Å'é˜ Ã©â€¡Å Ã¤ ºâ€ Ã¨ ± ¡Ã¥ £ °Ã¨ ¯ Ã§Å¡â€žÃ¨ µ ·Ã¦ º Ã¯ ¼Å'ä » ¥Ã¥ Å Ã¨ ± ¡Ã¥ £ °Ã¨ ¯ Ã¨ ¯ Ã¦â‚¬ §Ã§Å¡â€žÃ¦â€ ¹Ã¥ ËœÃ£â‚¬â€š Key words: Onomatopoeia, Function, Origin, Nature of Onomatopoeia. Introduction Onomatopoeia is very important not only in our oral language but in our literary language like poets. It is not easy to have a study on them because of its tremendous number and complex pronunciation system. This small article mainly focus on the origin of onomatopoeia, theRead MoreOnomatopoeia726 Words   |  3 PagesZoom is not even a real word since it does not come from any human language, but is an imitation of a sound like buzz burr and whirr. There is an Old Dutch and German word soom, referring to something that was sewn, but this is not how it was ever used in English. Nor does anyone really know when it was first used in English, but it appears to date from the 1880s and 1890s and was originally used as a verb to express speed or rapid movement of an object. One possible sentence would be theRead MoreEssay about Death of a Naturalist Analysis455 Words   |  2 Pagesshows how filthy and grubby nature can be describing the sight, smell, sound, and touch. All of them bri ng out another grueling picture in the mind. Heaney uses onomatopoeia to appeal to the sound part of the senses. Words like slap, pop, slobber, farting, and croaked illustrates the realism of how the flax-dam is. The use of using onomatopoeia is to describe the nature and the surroundings, and to show the uncertainty that is going through the boy’s mind in the second stanza. Sibilant sounds are alsoRead MoreEssay on Langston Hughes The Weary Blues1421 Words   |  6 Pagespatterns. The Blues, a type of jazz, also follows this similar style. Langston Hughes poem, The Weary Blues, is no exception. The sound qualities that make up Hughes work are intricate, yet quite apparent. Hughes use of consonance, assonance, onomatopoeia, and rhyme in The Weary Blues gives the poem a deep feeling of sorrow while, at the same time, allows the reader to feel as if he or she is actually listening to the blues sung by the poems character.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The Blues musical move was prominentRead More Compare and Contrast Death of a Naturalist, An Advancement of Learning1603 Words   |  7 Pagesmetaphors, use of senses and onomatopoeias. In ‘Death of a Naturalist’, an example of alliteration is â€Å"croaked†, it is use to describe the noise the frogs were making. An example of war words is â€Å"grenades†; it is used to describe the position of frogs. An example of personification is â€Å"angry†. It is used to describe the frog’s feelings. An example of a simile is â€Å"grew like clotted water†; it is used to describe how the frogspawn was growing. An example of onomatopoeia is â€Å"slap and plop†. It isRead More Heaneys Poem Follower Essay1600 Words   |  7 Pagesplough. At the end of the first stanza he describes him leading the team of plough-horses, instructing them with his â€Å"clicking tongue†. In the second stanza his father guides the horses with â€Å"a single pluck Of Rains†. It is interesting that the onomatopoeia here emphasises the great skill with which the poet’s father controls and guides his horses. It shows again his â€Å"expertise† and ease with the animals as he ploughs the field into furrowed lines. In the second half of the poem, the focus shiftsRead MoreJohn Keats s Poem Analysis1328 Words   |  6 Pagesand this level deals in onomatopoeia. An expansion of the term â€Å"onomatopoeia† is necessary to fully understand the subtlety Keats exhibited. A critic named Hugh Bredin divides onomatopoeia into three forms in a succinct, yet informative manner. The first and most obvious form of onomatopoeia is the Direct form. This form brings the written word and expressed noise together directly. An example of the Direct form resides in the word â€Å"POW.† The Direct form of onomatopoeia has its place in poetryRead MoreSounds Of Poetry : The Word Plum And Sound And Sense1345 Words   |  6 Pagesdesires even if they have a small meaning or no meaning to them. A poem that is filled with sound but little meaning can be â€Å"The Word Plum† by Helen Chasin. It is a poem that uses the sound devices of alliteration and onomatopoeia to bring the plum to life. Us ing alliteration and onomatopoeia it gives the plum a sound, a savory sound, it’s almost like you can taste and touch the plum in the palm of your hand and the sounds are just rolling off the tongue with every â€Å"delicious† bite of â€Å"luxury†. In theRead MoreSecretary Chant1533 Words   |  7 Pagesto comprehend the extent to which the secretary feels degraded. In â€Å"The Secretary Chant† Piercy conveys her inner feelings of the secretary using several literary elements that help influence the theme of the poem including: metaphorical tone, onomatopoeia, repetition, and imagery. The tone of the poem seems to be very monotonous and emotionless. The poem begins with the sentence â€Å"My hips are a desk† (Line1). This sentence gives off a very robotic tone for the poem due to its simplicity and shortRead MoreThe Chimney Sweeper Essay765 Words   |  4 Pagesâ€Å"The Chimney Sweeper by William Blake† In William Blake’s poem, the reader will read about the first person point of view of a child going through a neglected life of child labour and slavery. In the poem, â€Å"The Chimney Sweeper†, Blake’s use of onomatopoeia conveys the emotions of the character in the poem. William Blake uses symbolism in his poem which gives the reader a better understanding of the message he is trying to convey. As well, Blake’s use of colors and adjectives provides the reader

The Moral Aspect of Cloning Essay - 1382 Words

The Moral Aspect of Cloning Cloning is not new; experiments with frogs and toads go back to the 1970’ with the experiments concerning animal and plant embryos have been preformed for many years. But experiments relating to humans have never been tried or considered possible, until â€Å"Dolly† (the first fully grown mammal to be cloned). A â€Å"human clone† is an identical twin of another human being but only at a younger age. Scientist use cloning techniques in their laboratory to make copies of cells or organisms with a valuable trait. Their focus aims to find reasonable applications for cloning that will make advances in medical breakthroughs, and biological research. For the past few years the topic of cloning has been a very†¦show more content†¦It took 277 attempts before Dolly was created as a healthy lamb. Human cloning has high potentials for errors (Human Cloning the Process, 2005). Making it far more complicated to clone a human. As a result, scientists fear that applying this method to humans may lead to malformations or diseases in the human. People feel they cannot trust the scientist. Physicians that are from the â€Å"American Medical Association† and scientist with the â€Å"American Association for the Advancement of Science† have issued official public statements advising against human reproductive cloning. Many scientists and physicians believe very strongly that it would be unethical to attempt to clone a human (www.globalchange.com). There are approximately 30 percent of clones that are born alive that are affected with â€Å"large offspring syndrome† and other debilitating conditions (www.robbiep.com, 2005). There have been many cloned animals that have died prematurely from infections and other complications. This concerns scientist from a desease respective with concernsd to humans being cloned. Scientists don’t know how this cloning process will impact the cognitive development and physical development in humans. These are not too big of concerns when it comes down to a cow, or a lamb, but even more important when it comes down to the human development. Because of these concerns when it comes to cloning, the attempt to clone humans at this point in time is considered dangerous and ethicallyShow MoreRelatedStem Cell Research Vs. Cloning1366 Words   |  6 PagesIntroduction: Stem Cell Research vs. Cloning Stem cell research entails the development and use of human embryos and stem cells. After the embryonic stem cells are taken from aborted fetuses or fertilized eggs, scientists study the cells. Dating back 30 years, scientists began their first attempts of deriving embryonic stem cells from the embryos of a mouse. After examining details of the biology behind mouse stem cells, scientists moved onto the biology of human embryos. Through in-vitro fertilizationRead MoreReproductive and Therapeutic Cloning: Dolly The Sheep1468 Words   |  6 PagesTherapeutic cloning and the processes that happen in order for cloning to occur. DNA Cloning occurs when the DNA cell is replicated, an organisms DNA is taken and placed in a Vector also known as plasmid. This self-replicating cell will then create copies of the DNA code. After being placed into a foreign host cell that is suitable for the DNA the cell will then reproduced. Reproductive cloning in some aspects of the developing stages is simi lar but is still completely different. Reproductive cloning is theRead MoreThe Dignity Behind Human Cloning1668 Words   |  7 PagesRaj Patel Professor James Gorham English Composition 101S 15 October 2014 The Dignity Behind Human Cloning Angela Merkel once said, â€Å"When it comes to human dignity, we cannot make compromises. † Human dignity, is a controversial topic that is examined in both the Dalai Lamas excerpt â€Å"Ethics and the New Genetics,† a chapter from The Universe in a Single Atom, as well as Francis Fukuyama’s piece, â€Å"Human Dignity,† a chapter from Our PostHuman Future. Both the Dalai Lama and Fukuyama have similar beliefsRead MoreCloning Essays1271 Words   |  6 PagesCloning The most significant problem our world has with newfound controversies is that most people take one side on the issue before they become educated on the topic at hand. This is the same problem that I see with the controversial issue of cloning. Whether one argues for or against the cloning of humans or animals, most people leave out the ethics and morals behind the issue. People see movies like Multiplicity, starring Michael Keaton (a movie in which Michael Keaton clones himselfRead MoreHuman Cloning Debate: The Fate of Frankenstein1671 Words   |  7 PagesFrankenstein was adapted for stage in 1823 the productions title was Presumption; or, The Fate of Frankenstein. A Victorian audience was concerned with the theme of a mans ambition to replace God by creating a new species. Equal emphasis was placed on this aspect of the novel in the 1831 introduction of Frankenstein, It is Mary Shellys critique of where such highly abstracted creative powers can lead when put in a realizing sc ientific context and then driven along by lofty ambition and high destinyRead MoreJohn Stuart Mill s Philosophy On The Morality And Ethical Nature Of The Subject1507 Words   |  7 Pagessubject. Cloning can be viewed a few different ways based on the teachings in philosophy one follows. Utilitarianism Utilitarianism is a branch of philosophy, which bases its understanding of right action on consequences. More precisely, an act is considered right if it creates the most happiness (pleasure), and the least pain, for the greatest number of people affected by that action. In this way, utilitarianism is sometimes called a moral calculus. A utilitarian approach to cloning would lookRead More Is Human Cloning Another Frankenstein? Essay1272 Words   |  6 Pages Is Human Cloning Another Frankenstein? nbsp; The creation of life by unnatural method is a question that Mary Shelleys Frankenstein addresses. Through the events that result from Victors attempt to bestow life to the inanimate, Shelley concludes that it is inappropriate for man to play god. With the advent of the science of creation, cloning, scientists now face the same problem that Shelley raised years ago. The applications of such research are numerous, all varying in severity. In whatRead MoreGenetic Engineering : The Field Of Human Biotechnology1490 Words   |  6 PagesBiotechnology has many aspects of which Human Genetic Engineering is one, known for the power to improve an individual s quality of life and cure genetic diseases. An example of its process is cloning. Cloning can be defined as the process of creating a genetically identical copy of an organism. There are three types of cloning: therapeutic cloning (cell cloning), Molecular cloning and Reproductive cloning (Organism cloning). More emphasis will be made on therapeutic and reproductive cloning. In reproductiveRead MoreCloning as Solution to Food Shortages and Needs for New Medicine1436 Words   |  6 Pagesthat there could ever be a solution to these issues. Cloning could be one of the many solutions to the problems that are afflicting the world as we know it. But that has many people wondering what exactly cloning is, and, more importantly why people do it. Knowing what cloning is, why people do it, and other opinions and feelings about cloning could help us solve these issues. To clone means to create a genetic copy of another organism. Cloning depends on there being two cells, one of a female’sRead MoreIs Cloning Be A Debate Of Morals And Human Privileges?1477 Words   |  6 PagesHuman cloning is unethical since it steps back from human identity. In addition, it brings emotional mental damage for the cloned kid and absolutely discards the basic biological gene selection. For the most part, not a single person can manage to ignore the procedure that is made in science today. Whereas scientific research, for instance grants us information and the procedure of being able to clone human beings, which is something nobody ever assumed could be possible. After watching the movie

How Your Personal Preferences Attittudes Cannot Influece Others free essay sample

Everybody, no matter who they are has freedom of choice, personal preferences, respect for others choices and preferences should be shown at all times. As they have had a deferent upbringing than me here are a few examples: It is most Important to remember that my own preferences are different to others and that I can never expect others to think, act and feel the same as I do. For example, I Like to bath at night and shower In the morning but some of my residents really hate the Idea of being showered, washed or bathes even once a week.I have to respect their echelon but at the same time, I need to encourage them to malignant a healthy and clean state of mind and body. I In cases will try and spend more time encouraging the client that they will feel better and not try to tell them how I feel when I am clean and fresh. We will write a custom essay sample on How Your Personal Preferences Attittudes Cannot Influece Others? or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page I have residents that Like to go to church service on a Friday or a Sunday; I do not respect religion even though I was brought up In a religion. However, no matter what my feelings are on the matter I should not push my views and feelings on them and discourage them to go, they have a belief and I should show respect hem for it and I should be encouraging them to go by taking them if they need it. Religion affects people in many different ways mainly because we all come from deferent backgrounds and were all taught differently. It is therefore very important to respect and honor their personal beliefs, others do not want to speak about church at all and I must respect the fact that they do not want to speak about anything about the Church.It is part of the work that I do, I ask about their beliefs and keep an open mind and to make sure my clients are happy and therefore are unconscious at all times that, they feel comfortable about anything they want to talk to me about. Another example is that I am a vegetarian, I would not tell a resident they are in the wrong to want to eat meat Just because I personally feel it is wrong, I should have to keep my opinions to myself, unless the individual asks me about why I chose to be a vegetarian but even then I wouldnt make it a n issue.I should also not refuse to give a resident, for example, a ham sandwich, if that is what is requested then that Is what the resident should get. I am also a great believer In fitness and had the chance to run the gym at chilliest, I tried to encourage as many as I could to attend as I believed it would help their mobility and be a good social activity. All were welcome no matter what their disability, there was different selectmen available to all, for Instance we have a bike suitable for those with strokes.Although allot of residents did not think they could exercise I showed those that were willing to, that they could use the gym, and this helped them realism they could achieve something that helped heir mental health as well as the physical, also It encouraged them to socialize as this Is an Important aspect In life. But I also had to respect those that wouldnt try It, some wont even come out the flats, but all I can do Is encourage and not to force anything on them.CLC How Your Personal Preferences Attitudes Cannot Influence Others By depression have had a different upbringing than me here are a few examples: It is most important to remember that my own preferences are different to others and that I can never expect others to think, act and feel the same as I do. For example, I like to bath at night and shower in the morning b ut some of my residents really hate the idea of being showered, washed or bathes even once a week.I have to respect their decision but at the same time, I need to encourage them to maintain a healthy and clean state of mind and body. I in cases will try and spend more time encouraging and fresh. I have residents that like to go to church service on a Friday or a Sunday; I do not respect religion even though I was brought up in a religion. However, no different backgrounds and were all taught differently.It is therefore very important a resident, for example, a ham sandwich, if that is what is requested then that is no matter what their disability, there was different equipotent available to all, for instance we have a bike suitable for those with strokes. Although allot of residents their mental health as well as the physical, also it encouraged them to socialize as this is an important aspect in life. But I also had to respect those that wouldnt try it, some wont even come out the flats,

Nucleus Problem Essays - Organelles, Cell Biology, Cell Nucleus

Nucleus Problem Wow, another exciting day is about to begin. Sometimes I get so tired of being the brains of this whole operation, but it is fun to be the boss and give the orders. Let's examine a typical day: I am the nucleus. My life is very complicated because there are constantly things going on and I hardly have time to talk to you. But since I started telling you about myself then I might as well finish it up. I am the most important organelle in this body that I am in; I am the brain of the cell. My primary purpose is to control the actions inside the cell. I contain the RNA and the DNA of the cell, and both of these work together to build and control the cell. I also produce these things called proteins and they are carried by the endoplasmic reticulum to other parts of the cell. The proteins are messengers and they give the orders to the cells. I am studded with pores that control what comes into the cell and what leaves the cell. These pores are filled with a large nuclear protein complex and these make barriers and plugs because the NPC is so big. Bigger molecules that want to enter this cell have to go through the central part. The nucleolus that is in me is the site for RNA and the packaging of ribosomal subunits for export to the cytosol. The DNA strand is sometimes a very long molecule, and sometimes it needs to be compacted to fit into a certain spot. It can be reduced in size by rapping it around a nucleosomes arrangement of histone proteins. This can result in the DNA strand to be reduced so it will fit in the space. Well, can't talk any longer but it was nice to take a break.

14 Essay Topics on Native American Literature for a Literary Analysis

14 Essay Topics on Native American Literature for a Literary Analysis Native American literature is one of the unique aspects to study if you are interested in learning about the indigenous cultures that once lived in North America. To truly immerse yourself in this field, you need to embrace a multifaceted approach which encompasses the aesthetic, linguistic, psychological, historical, and cultural aspects. If you have an essay coming up on this subject, here are 14 facts that will set you on the right path. Native American literature does not have one language. Even before delving into the details of themes, context, and content, you are faced with the challenge of understanding the classification. The Native American culture comprised of a myriad of different languages and tribes. Anthropologists and linguists have classified Native American languages according to similarity in grammatical structure and the geographical proximity of the speakers. The former basis of categorization results in fifty-eight major language families whereas the latter has nine major categories. Each of the nine categories has around ten to twenty tribes associated with it. The nine regions are: Mackenzie River, North Pacific Coast, Plains, Woodland, California, Southeastern, Eskimo, Plateau, and Southwestern. Most literature revolves around man’s connection with the land. An essential theme observed in both ancient myths and contemporary Native American literature is the deep connection between the identity of the people and the land they inhabit. The writings show that the culture considers the land as dynamic. Therefore, they surpass closeness to nature, creating a more complex link between the land and a person’s being or ego. Even a rudimentary study of this type of literature will reveal this aspect. Oral stories are a major part of this form of literature. Early Native American Literature contains fascinating tales, songs, chants, and prayers passed down through oral traditions. They are told using archaic language and make liberal use of literary devices such as repetition and enumeration. Some languages, for instance Papago (the language of the Tohono Oodham Nation) and Pima (the language of the Akimel Oodham), contained specific structures for oral stories. A story would have four parts; it would start out with an introduction of a stable and harmonious situation, go on to describe a disruption of stability, then tell of the efforts to restore harmony before concluding. The efforts were often told in cycles of four. Native American authors effectively shine the light on Native American literature. In 1969, the Pulitzer Prize was awarded to N. Scott Momaday for his novel ‘House Made of Dawn’. The novel has received critical acclaim and is considered pivotal in bringing Native American literature into mainstream culture. The Native American Renaissance highlights a major theme which many contemporary Native American publications share: the alienated individual who feels torn between two worlds and yearns to find an identity. Some major authors who gained popularity after the rekindling of interest are James Welch, Leslie Marmon Silko, Sherman Alexie, and Louise Erdrich. Native American literature was not documented in writing at first. When the first Europeans arrived in America, there were over 500 different Native American tribes living here. Each of these tribes had rich history and culture, but their literature was not documented in writing. Their numerous legends, tales, songs and myths were preserved through oral transmission. Thankfully, they managed to survive time, which is why you can enjoy the difference between the tales of the Navajo hunters and the pueblo-dwellers known as Acoma. Repetition of myths ensured their survival. The survival of a myth in the pre-literate Native American times depended on how often it was repeated. The more popular the tale was, the more often it was repeated and the better it retained its plot points. As it spread across to other places, the folktale would take on features unique to the local culture. This phenomenon can serve as a means to track mythology across time and space. There are different approaches to critiquing Native American literature, but one goal. Literary critics and theorists are not in complete agreement about how to approach Native American literary criticism. There is a difference in opinion regarding whether to employ modern approaches or only Native American theories. The goal, however, is the same: to avoid misinterpretations and break down the centuries-long silencing of Native American voices. Christian Missionaries in America influenced the literature. With the arrival of Christian missionaries in America, the culture, and therefore the literature of the indigenous tribes evolved. The written Native American literary tradition began in the eighteenth century. Samson Occum published his â€Å"Sermon Preached at the Execution of Moses Paul, an Indian† and William Apess wrote his â€Å"Experiences of Five Christian Indians of the Pequot Tribe†. The Native American Renaissance Era offers a wealth of contemporary literature. The Native American Renaissance era witnessed the production of many prominent works of contemporary Native American literature. A few notable authors are: Simon Ortiz (Acoma Pueblo), Wendy Rose (Hopi-Miwok), Ray Young Bear (Mesquaki), Roberta Hill (Oneida), and Joy Harjo (Creek). Literary traditions were inspired from their own surroundings. The literary traditions of Native Americans were largely influenced by their environment and surroundings. Even the creation stories of different tribes reflect environmental elements. Native American ceremonies and everyday life were also dictated by the topography of the area. The Papago tribe used to undertake a Salt Pilgrimage to reach distant salt deposits. Native American literature and tribes’ identities are related. Literature and identity are closely linked. Kelly Morgan, a Native American cultural expert claims that fiction and poetry serve as a better gauge of the cultural identities of people than scientific records. Literature is also more dynamic because it extends the cultural identity over to future generations. Communities of past, present and play a   future role in molding and transformation of literature. Several works revolve around the loss of sense of self. One of the major themes in Native American literature is the loss of a sense of self. A deeply felt presence of absence lies in the thoughts and actions of the protagonists. The loss of land and culture is reflected in the writings of contemporary and eighteenth to nineteenth century literature. DArcy McNickle’s novel â€Å"The Surrounded† is a good example of this. Nature is also part of Native American literature due to its relationship with people. A prevalent thread running through almost all of Native American literature is the interconnectedness of nature and humans. Cultural and personal identity is related to nature in many works. Authors allude to this connection using metaphors. The works of Rosario Morales, Leslie Marmon Silko, and Louise Erdrich are among the ones which illustrate this theme beautifully. The first novel to be published by a Native Indian author was â€Å"The Life and Adventures of Joaquin Murieta†. John Rollin Ridge published â€Å"The Life and Adventures of Joaquin Murieta† in 1854, telling the story of a mixed-race protagonist who becomes an outlaw and tries to defy the dominant culture and unjust treatments of the white people in frontier California. These are some general facts which you can study further and elaborate on while writing a literary analysis paper. You can also check the 20 topics on Native American literature for a literary analysis for more assistance. Need more help? Check how to write a literary analysis on Native American literature to score a great grade. References: Powell, J. (1891). Indian linguistic families of America north of Mexico. [Washington]: [U.S. G.P.O.]. Thompson, S. (1966). Tales of the North American Indians. Bloomington: Indiana University Press. Allen, P. (1986). The sacred hoop. Boston: Beacon Press. Tales of the North American Indians. (2016). Sacred-texts.com. Retrieved 16 March 2016, from sacred-texts.com/nam/tnai/ Thompson, S. (1966). Tales of the North American Indians. Bloomington: Indiana University Press. History. (2016). org. Retrieved 16 March 2016, from gilariver.org/index.php/about/history Tohono Oodham Nation History Culture. (2016). Tonation-nsn.gov. Retrieved 16 March 2016, from tonation-nsn.gov/history_culture.aspx Campbell, D. (2016). Early Native American Literature: Brief Outline Guide. wsu.edu. Retrieved 16 March 2016, from http://public.wsu.edu/~campbelld/amlit/native.htm Scarberry-Garcà ­a, Susan. Landmarks of Healing: a Study of House Made of Dawn. Albuquerque: University of New Mexico, 1990. Print. Velie, A., Lee, A. The Native American renaissance. Outline of the U.S. Literature. (2016) (1st ed., p. 5). Retrieved from http://photos.state.gov/libraries/korea/49271/february_2014/Outline_of_American_Literature_eng.pdf

How to Use Transition Words Effectively

How to Use Transition Words Effectively Choppy! How is this related? Flow needs work! Have you ever received comments like these on your paper from professors or editors? If so, it is highly likely that you need to work on transition words and phrases to help bridge ideas and allow the flow of your writing to move in a more logical, coherent path. That coherency is what separates good writing from bad writing.Problems with transitions in writing often happen in the following scenarios:Youre working on a group project and need to combine chunks of writing from multiple students to make one paper or presentation. So, they give you their separate writing and leave it up to you to put it all together.You begin your writing without an outline to follow in the writing process.You write your paragraphs out of order when writing an essay or story, because you dont want to start with the hard stuff- hooks, introductions, and conclusions.So how do you fix the problem? Consider these tips for using transitional words and phrases the way theyre meant to be used.Know the purpose of transitions in writingI start with this tip because you have to know the purpose before you can learn the rules. Transitional words and phrases are not only a way to present your ideas logically- they are also a vital part of the writing process and cant be ignored. Whether youre writing for an academic assignment or writing a fictional novel, without mastering how to transition from one thought to another, or one paragraph to another, your writing will be confusing, at best. And this is regardless of the amount of time and effort you put into researching or preparation beforehand. At worst, a lack of proper transitioning between thoughts or steps will make your writing a jumbled, incomprehensible mess that is impossible for your reader to follow (and therefore likely to result in a less-than-stellar grade or college admission denial letter).Understand that logic is essential, especially in academic writingThe second point you need to know is that transition words (also known as conjunctive adverbs) are necessary in almost every genre of writing to form a logical narrative or argument. Really, theres no way to escape them. The only categories of writing that might not need transitions would fall into the poetry genre. As mentioned above, using the correct transition- whether in a single word or a phrase- is important for building logic into your paper or moving your story along.Even in our daily speech, we use transition words and phrases in our communication with others to change topics, tell a story, or even recount the events that occurred throughout our day. So then, and finally are just a few examples of commonly used transitions within our daily speech. Heres an example of a teenager accounting for his whereabouts:Mom: Where have you BEEN all day I was so worried.Teen: Mom, you have to listen, it wasnt my fault.Mom: So, whose fault was it?Teen: First, our bus was late leaving the school then we got caught i n traffic. There were wrecks or something blocking the freeway for miles. For that reason, we turned around and went back to the school; but there was traffic there too!As you can see from the underlined transitions, without them, the teen would surely be grounded.Realize that there are categories and learn themTransition words and phrases include several categories of transitions, and there are over 200 words and phrases that can be used for purposes of transitioning within your writing. These words are divided into categories based on the logical flow of your writing. There are different reasons for using transitions- sometimes to move the writing along, sometimes to show contrast, etc. For example, if you are using transition words to clarify, youd choose transitions like to put it another way, or to rephrase. If you are using them to move time along in a plot or research study, youd use words like then, once, next, etc.The differences between these categories and when to use eac h are nuanced, as are the differences between the words within each category. Expert writers might easily know which transition category and word/phrase to use. However, non-native writers are likely to have a less developed understanding of the nuances of each, simply because they have not had enough experience with the language to recognize the subtle differences. These things take time to learn.Below are the common categories in which transitional words and phrases are used, and some example words for each. If you use different sources, youll find that they may provide different categories (or arrangement of categories), but each place transitions into categories of purpose.Take the following example from the Writing Center at the University of Wisconsin- Madison.AdditionFurthermore, moreover, too, also, in the second place, again, in addition, even more, next, further, last, lastly, finally, besides, and, or, nor, first, second, secondly, etc.TimeWhile, immediately, never, after , later, earlier, always, when, soon, whenever, meanwhile, sometimes, in the meantime, during, afterwards, now, until now, next, following, once, then, at length, simultaneously, so far, this time, subsequentlyPlaceHere, there, nearby, beyond, wherever, opposite to, adjacent to, neighboring on, above, belowExemplification or illustrationTo illustrate, to demonstrate, specifically, for instance, as an illustration, e.g. (for example), for exampleComparisonIn the same way, by the same token, similarly, in like manner, likewise, in similar fashionContrastYet, and yet, nevertheless, nonetheless, after all, but, however, though, otherwise, on the contrary, in contrast, notwithstanding, on the other hand, at the same timeClarificationThat is to say, in other words, to explain, i.e. (that is), to clarify, to rephrase it, to put it another wayCauseBecause, since, on account of, for that reasonEffectTherefore, consequently, accordingly, thus, hence, as a resultPurposeIn order that, so that, to that end, to this end, for this purposeQualificationAlmost, nearly, probably, never, always, frequently, perhaps, maybe, althoughIntensificationIndeed, to repeat, by all means, of course, certainly, without doubt, yes, no, undoubtedly, in fact, surely, in factConcessionTo be sure, granted, of course, it is trueSummaryTo summarize, in sum, in brief, to sum up, in short, in summaryConclusionIn conclusion, to conclude, finallyDemonstratives acting as transitionsThis, those, these, thatTransition mistakes to avoidNow that you know the purposes and situations in which to use transitional words, lets take a moment to look at mistakes to avoid when writing. While transition words and phrases are necessary to make your writing coherent, the misuse of them can result in the exact opposite, leaving your reader confused and unable to understand your point (or story). Here are some common mistakes that professors and editors often find regarding the use of transition words.Illogical transiti onsIf the ultimate aim of using transition words is to bring logic to your writing, then using illogical transitions defeats the purpose. As I previously pointed out, each transition word or phrase has its own nuanced meaning and belongs to its own category. Using the wrong one can further confuse the point you are trying to make, or the relationship you need to show for it to make sense to your reader.Heres an example:Aliya was one of the most gracious hostesses I have ever met. However, she spoke with each person in the room, calling them by name, and smiling the whole time.In the above example, we can clearly see the use of the transition word however, followed correctly by a comma to separate it from the rest of the sentence. However, since the word chosen is a transition word denoting contrast, the lack of logic in these sentences creates confusion for the reader.Heres why. In the first sentence, we are given a statement about Aliya being a gracious hostess. In the second sente nce, we are given a reason why or example of why she deserves this praise. The use of the transition word however between the two causes confusion, because the second sentence illustrates the first, or provides an example of the first.Looking then into the Exemplification and illustration category of common transition words and phrases, we see that a better choice for transitioning between the two sentences would be for example, or to illustrate. The incorrect transition (however) doesnt fit because it belongs to the Contrast category, which means the second sentence is contrasting the first- which of course, isnt true in this case.Heres another example of this same mistake being made in an academic paper:The studys participants were chosen by the random sampling method and were given questionnaires about their experiences with social media. In other words, the sample population submitted their responses to be included in the data.As can be seen from the example above, the two sente nces are connected together by time, as in one event (the second sentence) occurring after the other (the first sentence). The transition word chosen, however, is from the Clarification category instead of the Time category, leaving the reader with a confusing statement to sort out.Transition overuseThe final mistake to avoid is overuse. Editors see this mistake often, mainly because the writers language skills are limited and do not yet include knowledge of the proper use of transitions. Using too many transitions can cause your writing to be difficult to read, since they are essentially road signs showing your reader how the content is moving forward. Using too many at once would be like coming to a 4-way stop that included hundreds of signs- some saying stop, some saying yield, but all putting out a different message.Heres an example of transition overuse:Arcadia was a town like any other. Therefore, the police patrolled the streets, the shopkeepers kept their shops, and children attended school on account of three weeks until summer break. For example, when a stranger walks through Arcadia, everyone notices; however, it was the secret to keeping their town well protected. In such, while adults spoke to each other in hurried conversations, at the same time, their eyes were always scanning to make sure things were going as normal there.So, what was the first thing you noticed while reading this passage? Was it the way the words interrupted the story unnecessarily? Did those transition words hurt instead of help make the paragraph clear and coherent?The mistake of using too many transitions and transitional phrases often occurs when someone is trying to beef up their writing. Transitions like however, for example, and in such seem somehow academic, and must make your writing sound more cultured or professional, right?Wrong.Overusing transitions creates distracting, incoherent writing that does not serve the intended purpose of the transitions in the first pla ce, which is to move the story along.